In most cases, yes. 165R15 is an older way of writing the same size, with the aspect ratio assumed to be around 80. When you are replacing like for like, match the size marking on the sidewall and keep the same or higher load and speed rating.
This size is most commonly associated with classic Volkswagen fitments such as the VW Beetle and Karmann Ghia, and it also appears on some other classic cars and kit cars built around similar wheel and clearance requirements. Always confirm the correct size using your door jamb sticker, handbook, or the markings on your current tyres before ordering.
Use the rating specified by your vehicle manufacturer and do not go below it. If you are choosing between options, a higher load index is fine, and a higher speed rating is acceptable as long as it matches the vehicle and intended use. If you are unsure, check the placard or handbook, then filter the results to the exact rating you need.
Yes, this size is available in summer, all-season, and in some ranges winter patterns. Summer tyres suit fair-weather classic driving, while all-season tyres can be a better match for regular use in mixed UK conditions. Pick the season based on when the car is actually driven, and keep the same load and speed rating as specified.
It depends on the wheel type. Many modern tyres in this size are tubeless, but some classic rims may require a tube due to their construction or condition. If your wheels are original or you are unsure whether they are tubeless-compatible, speak to your fitter and consider new valves, rim bands, or tubes as recommended.