In most cases, yes. When a tyre shows 185R15 without an aspect ratio, it typically implies an 80 profile, which matches 185/80 R15. Still, you should confirm the full specification on your current tyre sidewall and match the construction type plus the required load index and speed rating for your vehicle.
Only if your vehicle requires it. Many vans and campers need a C-rated tyre (or another higher-load specification) to handle payload safely, while passenger vehicles usually use standard car tyres in the same size. Check your vehicle placard or handbook for the required load rating, then select a tyre that meets or exceeds it.
The range varies because this size is used on both cars and light commercial vehicles. You will often see passenger-car options with modest load ratings and van-focused options with higher figures, sometimes shown as dual load indices (for example 99/97) and speed symbols such as R or T. The safest approach is to match the exact load index and speed rating specified by your vehicle manufacturer, or the ratings already fitted if they meet the spec.
Not without confirming approval for your vehicle. 185/80 R15 has a larger overall diameter than 195/70 R15 by roughly 3-4%, which can affect speedometer reading, gearing and clearance in the wheel arch. If your handbook or tyre placard does not list 185/80 R15 as an accepted size, stick to the manufacturer-approved fitments.
Yes, all-season patterns are available in this size from selected brands, including options suitable for vehicles that carry loads when the correct rating is chosen. They suit UK drivers who want one set of tyres for mixed wet, dry and cooler conditions without changing seasonally. If you regularly drive in severe winter conditions, a dedicated winter tyre in the correct specification may be a better match.